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Comprendre l’histoire de nos luttes pour mieux protéger nos droits Saviez-vous que les premières grèves remontent à l’Égypte antique ? Qu’au début du XXe siècle, une femme qui voulait se syndiquer devait avoir l’autorisation de son mari ? Que la lutte contre le projet d’aéroport de Notre-Dame-des-Landes avait duré près de 50 ans avant la victoire des militant·es écologistes ? Dans cette bande dessinée illustrée par Fanny Vella et très documentée, Elsa Gambin passe au crible 12 sujets cruciaux de l’histoire des luttes en France, depuis les premiers mouvements de luttes jusqu’à nos combats contemporains, pour tout comprendre des conquis sociaux qui ont fait et font encore l’Histoire de la France. Écologie, luttes féministes et LGBTQIA+, syndicalisme, violences policières, droits des étrangers… Pour chaque sujet, l’éclairage rare et précieux d’un·e spécialiste vient compléter le propos. En fin d’ouvrage, des annexes pédagogiques permettent d’aller plus loin.
Comment juger la lutte contre le dérèglement climatique ? Dans les affaires climatiques, le rôle du juge est central : il doit se prononcer sur les accusations (qui vont parfois jusqu'à celle d'"écoterrorisme") formulées contre les activistes d'une part, mais aussi pour donner suite aux grandes "actions-climat" visant des États ou de grandes entreprises. La voie légale est-elle inutile ou insuffisante, ou est-ce un puissant levier de combat ? Le livre fait le point sur de grands jugements qui ont déjà été rendus sur ces questions afin d'explorer cette voie du juge, que ce soit contre des activistes, ou dans le cas où des initiatives citoyennes ont mené à des procédures judiciaires internationales. Les auteurs, professeurs de droit international en Belgique, sont allés à la rencontre de spécialistes, juges, mais aussi des activistes pour saisir leurs motivations, leurs interrogations et les conséquences dans leurs vies quotidiennes. Le récit débute par une action de désobéissance civile de type "code rouge" (à l'instar de celle du 16 décembre 2023, qui a entravé les activités d'aéroports belges utilisés par des jets privés), au cours de laquelle un groupe de 8 adolescents mobilisés pour la cause du climat sont arrêtés puis poursuivis en justice. En attendant leur procès, ils vont apprendre les risques qu'ils encourent pour ce type d'actions, en rencontrant des spécialistes du droit. Parallèlement, le récit revient sur de multiples "affaires du siècle" dans lesquelles des États ou des entreprises sont poursuivis et parfois condamnés pour inaction climatique : affaires Urgenda et Shell aux Pays-Bas ; instances engagées par de jeunes portugais et des aînés suisses devant la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme ; procédures consultatives engagées devant la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l'homme, le Tribunal international du droit de la mer et la Cour internationale de Justice...
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